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This month, beginning the heels of President Obama s executive order extending the ban on Burma jade and ruby, we include three items on Burma s gemstones and gemstone industry.
We should remind our readers that Pala International s Bill Larson will likely be speaking on The Mythic Valley of Mogok on September 6, 2013, in Paris, even as we mentioned recently. On the eve in the Colorado Mineral Fossil Show, September 10, 2013, Bill will deliver a similar presentation, Mogok: The Mythical Valley of Gems, for the bi-monthly meeting on the GIA Alumni Association, Mile High Chapter. A light supper begins at 6:30 on the Gold Buyers of Lakewood, 8830 West Colfax Lakewood, CO 80215. Cost is 20 for non-members, 10 for members membership is just 25 and is also open to all Coloradans, even non-GIAers. RSVP to chapter president Michelle M. Rahm.
Musings on Mogok by Richard W. Hughes
A film documentary, Masters of Dreams
Three articles, 1893 to 1948
The 3rd Annual Dallas Mineral Collecting Symposium is scheduled for August 23 and 24. The event begins with a Friday night cocktail party for the Perot Museum of Nature and Science.
The symposium itself occurs on Saturday at Southern Methodist University s Cox School of Business. Pala International s Bill Larson will speak on 40 Years with the Himalaya Mine. The tentative number of speakers:
Analytical Techniques on Earth and Mars Dr. Robert Downs
Treasures from my Collections, and Changes in Mineral Collecting over 60 Years Dave Wilber
Russian Gem Mines Dr. Peter Lyckberg
A view on the Lyda Hill Gems and Minerals Hall, within the still-new Perot Museum of Nature and Science. In his set of a January 2013 towards the museum, Bill Larson wrote, I did realize that there were no gemstones on display at the time of yet and was told how they re hoping for an identical outreach in the community, as well as perhaps even farther, for persons would you loan exceptional gemstones to help expand the Lyda Hill Hall of Gems and Minerals. Hint, hint. Photo: Mark Knight Photography
The Pakistan Gems and Jewellery Development Company PGJDC is sponsoring PIGJE 2013 Pakistan Interntational Gems Jewellery Exhibition for the Pearl Continental Hotel in Karachi, September 26 29, 2013. The exhibition originally was scheduled for May.
The show will feature rough and cut gemstones, mineral specimens, jewelry, carvings and equipment.
Last year s exhibition had 78 exhibitors from Pakistan. Forty delegates visited from Sri Lanka, , , , Canada, France, Hong Kong and India. Ninety exibitors are hoped for this year.
In a brochure that accompanied its exhibition invitation, PGJDC provided this industry information.
The company has trained over 8, 500 students via nearly 600 training programs in thirteen cities since its founding seven years ago
The company is rolling out a database that profiles 40, 000 gem and jewelry private sector stakeholders
Pakistan s jewelry marketplace is 61st within a worldwide market that's estimated growing by 4.6% to 100 billion by 2015
Pakistan s gem and jewelry exports for July 2012 March 2013 were about 1.2 billion, according on the Trade Development Authority of Pakistan TDAP s export figure for July 2011 June 2012 is all about 920 million; under 4 million of the came from gems
The exhibition brochure incorporates a fine epidote crystal specimen on its cover.
The Geological Society of America is holding its 125th Anniversary Annual Meeting and Expo in Denver, October 27 30, 2013. For the first time in a GSA meeting, GIA is sponsoring a topical session. Gemological Research from the 21st Century: Characterizing Diamonds along with other Gem Minerals, having a powerhouse roster.
Scheduled with the session are James E. Shigley GIA, Dona M. Dirlam GIA, George R. Rossman Caltech, George E. Harlow American Museum of Natural History, William B. Simmons University of New Orleans, Frank Hawthorne University of Manitoba.
The description in the session reads: Gemstones are definitely the most recognized, desired, and highly valued of most minerals. This session will concentrate on characterizing the properties of gems, documenting their conditions of formation, and helping the means with their identification. returning to top
We received the subsequent report from Dr. Jayshree Panjikar of Pangem Enterprises, Pune, India.
This year De Beers celebrates the business s 125th anniversary 1888 2013. Every year inside month of July to the last 64 years delegates attend the De Beers Diamond Conference inside the United Kingdom. They come from various Universities likes Oxford, Cambridge, Cardiff, Wales, Warwick, Manchester, Bristol, Glasgow, Newcastle, Harvard, Alberta, Melbourne, Michigan, Jerusalem, Uppsala together with from institutions like DTC Research Center, Element Six, HRD Antwerp, GIA New York, GIA Carlsbad, SSEF Switzerland, Institut Max von Laue, France; Max Plank Institute, Germany; Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Institute of Material Research, Hasselt University, Belgium; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, the Netherlands; National Research Council of Canada; and research departments of the likes of Sumitomo Japan and Hewlett-Packard USA. This year the 64th De Beers Diamond Conference happened July 8 11 on the University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
The conference began which has a lecture by Prof. Dr. Julie Macpherson, University of Warwick, entitled Diamond Electrochemistry and Sensors. Keynote speaker Prof. Dr. J. Amussen, Michigan State University, spoke by using an important current topic, Microwave Plasma Assisted CVD Diamond Synthesis: Reactor Design and Associated Process Methods for Robust, Safe and Efficient Diamond Synthesis. Other keynote speakers were Dr. Emmanuel Fritsch on the University of Nantes, France, and Dr. R. W. N. Nilen of Element Six, Global Innovation Center, Harwell, UK. Dr. Fritsch gave a really interesting presentation around the morphology of natural and synthetic diamond crystals.
Mr. Faried Sallie, Head of Technology, De Beers Group, discussing with Dr. Jayshree Panjikar the commercialisation with the techniques presented in the papers.
From HRD Antwerp, Dr. Bill Willems spoke about the optical defects in gem quality CVD synthetic diamonds measured by Raman-photoluminescence spectroscopy, whereas, from GIA New York, Dr. Ulrika F. S. D Haenens-Johansson gave an exhibit called CVD Synthetic Diamonds from Scio Diamond Technology Corporation. Thomas Hainschwang, of GGTL Liechtenstein, deliberated around the origin of colour in C-center containing natural diamonds. Christopher Breeding, of GIA Carlsbad, presented a paper around the thermoluminescence properties of natural and HPHT-treated type IaB gem diamonds. From India, Dr. Jayshree Panjikar and Aatish Panjikar of Pangemtech Panjikar Gem Research Tech Institute, Pune, presented two technical papers, one on Preliminary studies about the estimation of remnant pressure on inclusions in Indian diamond using strain birefringence plus the other in association with Rupali Deshpande of Nvidia, India, for the Application of GPU in visualizing diamond inclusions. The first paper could well be of importance from the cutting and faceting of diamond whereas your second would help within the identification of synthetic and natural diamonds.
In all, 61 technical papers were presented on various scientific and technological issues with natural and synthetic diamond. Unlike other conferences, it brought together lots and number of disciplines included in diamond, viz. chemists, electronic-engineers, geologists, geoscientists, gemmologists, physicists, nanotechnologists and academicians focusing on fundamental science together with technologists developing new applications of diamond. back in top
This month we stock an exceptional red beryl through the Wah Wah Mountains of Utah. This fine blood-red jewel weighs 2.44 carats, which by red beryl standards is big, especially within a fine quality piece. The red beryl crystals come out from the ground in small, mostly included elongated hexagonal prisms. It s unusual to even find small gemmy sections in which to cut moderately clean stones.
Red beryl from Utah, 2.44 carats, 9.98 x 7.85 x 4.16 mm. Inventory 21250. Photo: Mia Dixon
This particular gem was remove from a crystal that Pala sold inside the 1970s, which we recently bought back inside interest of employing it as gem rough. Even though the crystal was very fine, the gem value far exceeded the specimen value. In the end, luckily we came out which has a completely natural unoiled 2.44-carat emerald cut that could rival ruby for color and go way beyond, rarity-wise. Pala also bought a few smaller crystals too, therefore we have a good minor selection of these unique little red jewels today.
Burma s Mogok Stone Tract is known for over red and blue corundum. Many thousands of carats of green peridot are additionally produced. Burma may produce gem-quality diopside of any lovely green. But when contemplating other Burma greenies, alexandrite or green chrysoberyl probably won't come to mind.
The current edition of Australian Gemmologist 2013, 252, 41 45 comes with a study of only this latter material a minimum of it was vying for that alexandrite moniker. In Vanadium- and chromium-bearing chrysoberyl from Mogok, Myanmar an examination of two historical samples, authors Dr. Karl Schmetzer, Dr. Heinz-JСЊrgen Bernhardt and Christopher Cavey explain why alexandrite wouldn't figure within the title of the study.
The authors start by noting that bright green chrysoberyl, termed alexandrite is often a rare and pricey gemstone normally. Samples from Myanmar are even rarer. Thus, most from the material from that country that the authors attended into contact is just slightly yellowish green or greenish yellow. This is weighed against the description by C. J. Payne An alexandrite crystal from Burma, The Gemmologist, 1956, 25296, 39 40 of any crystal from Mogok that exhibited a pleochroism totally different from that seen in Russian alexandrite from the time. The crystal was supposed to attended from Pain s collection, which can be housed at London s Natural History Museum.
Left, faceted vanadium- and chromium-bearing chrysoberyl from Mogok area, Myanmar; the sample weighs 0.08 ct and measures 2.6 x 2.3 mm. Right, tabular bright bluish green chrysoberyl crystal from Burma; view for the largest pinacoid b 010; the sample weighs 1.05 ct and measures 6.6 x 4.1 mm, thickness 3.1 mm. Photos: Karl Schmetzer
The rough crystal above right is broken at each side and greatly distorted. Nevertheless, observation via immersion microscope of growth zoning and associated color zoning allowed the authors to reconstruct the broken terminations and build an idealized diagram of the intact crystal A below. Using the description on the sample that Payne wrote up in 1956, the authors designed a second diagram of this crystal B below. Both diagrams display thick tabular habit after b, with larger a pinacoids.
Idealized crystal drawings clinographic projections of two chrysoberyl crystals from Myanmar within the same orientation; A sample from Natural History Museum, London, examined on this paper, B sample explained by Payne 1956; both samples reveal thick tabular habit after b, with larger a pinacoids. Crystal drawings by K. Schmetzer.
The authors small faceted sample grown to be twinned, as observed by using an interference pattern revealed under immersion with crossed polarizers. Unlike the rough sample, the faceted crystal failed to accommodate an idealization diagram, due to the being cut from your larger sample.
The pleochroism of both samples in transmitted light was identical. For observation with the phenomenon inside rough sample, optic axes orientation was obtained easily due to the known morphology. Not so to the faceted sample; its pleochroism was seen only after orientation underneath the immersion microscope. Results are inside the following table.
Pleochroism of chrysoberyl from Mogok area, Myanmar, in polarized light.
This pleochroism will not be typical alexandrite effect, which may see remarkable color change within the X and Y directions. These results do, however, conform together with the description on the Mogok crystal by Payne 1956. And the results cannot lead anyone to assume, according to your authors, which the phenomenon from the two samples originate through the same source with just one colour causes and trace element contents. Further, the authors questioned whether these trace elements could explain their spectroscopic properties.
The authors microprobe analyses from the faceted sample showed that it is a chrysoberyl with higher vanadium than chromium contents 0.38 wt% V
Analysis also revealed a distinct trace element zoning that corresponded with all the sample s observed color zoning. The rough sample returned similar results using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. These results were compared to other natural and synthetic chrysoberyl containing varying ratios of vanadium and chromium. Had there been no chromium from the authors samples, no color change might have been observed between daylight and incandescent light. Had the chromium:vanadium ratio been roughly equal, the brilliant green in daylight could have changed to pale grayish green, almost colourless in incandescent light. The authors learned that, within their samples from Myanmar, the chromium component was dominant for your spectrum with X polarization; thus the chromium component inside spectrum caused the color alternation in that direction.
The authors conclude which the two samples within this study are thought to be from your same source in Mogok as that tagged by Payne 1956. But they really should not be called alexandrite because they tend not to display the classic alexandrite-effect color change between daylight and incandescent light.
In these essay, scholar Richard W. Hughes reflects on his recent week in Burma s famous locales of Mandalay and Mogok. Saddened however, not surprised by what he saw, Hughes points to clouds within the horizon and an escape route. We invite our readers to react. Any responses will likely be published within the next edition of Palagems Reflective Index. Send replies to your editor.
For you are not an interest in minerals and precious stones there are particular localities that epitomize the term classic. These represent not only coordinates on the map, but transcendental intersections where Mother Nature s majesty meets the historical past of humankind. Sar-i-Sang, Ratnapura, Golconda, Potos, Chivor and Kimberly are just a few.
When looking at ruby and sapphire, there isn't a more iconic locality than Myanmar s Mogok Stone Tract. Off-limits to foreigners for over 40 with the past fifty years, the entranceway has once more opened a crack.
Ruby-studded necklace in the gem market at Kyatpyin in Myanmars Mogok Stone Tract, July 2013. Click to enlarge. Photo: Billie Hughes
Wilawan Atichart, recently retired director from the Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand, together with ruby and sapphire expert Richard Hughes, and his awesome wife Wimon and daughter Billie, just spent a week in this particular storied locale. Despite the monsoon rains, there we were able to go to the number of Mogok s most crucial locales, and also the major gem-trading markets.
What we found was obviously a region containing undergone significant change since my last visit in 2004. Where small miners were once spread along the Tract, consolidation of claims inside the hands of larger companies has forced many locals out. There is little question until this is due, partly, on the disastrous -led Myanmar embargo against ruby and jade. Within the shadow of darkness, abuse costs nothing to flourish, and Myanmar s gem mines certainly are a classic example. The embargo resulted in a vacuum where naked greed could grow unabated. In both Khotan Xinjiang, China and also the Hpakan region of Upper Burma, deposits of jade which was worked for millennia were afflicted by modern mining methods that quickly ravaged once-timeless resources.
And now those self same forces are brought to bear about what I would argue may be the planet s most singular method to obtain colored gemstones Mogok.
Mechanized ruby mining operation at Chaunggyi in Myanmars Mogok Stone Tract, July 2013. Click to enlarge. Photo: Billie Hughes
In my three-plus decades in this particular business, I have visited in excess of sixty countries and a multitude of locales for ruby, sapphire, spinel, jade and a number of other gems. I am not alone with this. Many of my trade and gemological colleagues did likewise. I think I can speak for many when I say that Mogok is really as unique as Agra s Taj Mahal, as iconic as being the Kathmandu Valley or Egypt s pyramids. Each from the above is usually a World Heritage Site. I believe that Mogok, featuring its precious blend of history and culture is worthy from the same elevation plus the same protection.
Today, the globe s premier gem locality is under attack. Surely whenever we can protect other classic monuments, both natural and human-made, then your gem and mineral community could combined efforts to ensure that most special place is usually similarly preserved.
Workers setting dynamite charges at Burma s Sagyin ruby mines, July 2013. Note the clay band within the marble. It is thought that clay provided the alumina necessary for that formation of ruby and spinel. Photo: Billie Hughes
Several Mogok residents sought me out within my recent visit, demanding help. They understand too well that we now have storm clouds over Rubyland. And they may be pleading for that help.
This industry has long fed away from the fruits of Mogok. Now is our possible opportunity to give back. In doing so, we will not only give the residents of Mogok having a chance to preserve their storied methods for life, but save a significant part of human history, an exceptional intersection between Mother Nature s and Man s majesty. Will it produce a perfect world? Not hardly. But after we wait a couple years, this most precious repository is going to be emptied not simply of its gem and mineral wealth, but of the human dignity.
Vendors offer rubies, spinels plus a plethora of other gems at Mogok s morning cinema gem market, July 2013. Photo: Billie Hughes
Over the centuries, Mogok s residents attended from throughout the globe. India, China, Nepal, even Great Britain, in addition on the ethnic groups from Myanmar proper. For generations Mogok has captivated and captured a great number of, each one of whom today stress that, regardless of their ethnic makeup, they may be from Mogok. Do we really need to turn these proud people into Walmart wage serfs, in order to justify several years or a pair of corporate profits?
Myanmar s recent history is often a tragedy on numerous levels. Here s a chance for that industry to right some wrongs. Mogok will go the way of Hpakan and Khotan. If we act now, natural meats actually save the single most iconic gem locality around the planet.
Graves of British soldiers from 1888 at Bernardmyo in Myanmar s Mogok Stone Tract, July 2013. Photo: Richard W. Hughes
Buy blue. Let this dark blue natural Burmese sapphire catch the past rays of summer. Inv. 14683. Photo: Mia Dixon
Echoing Richard Hughes, above, a Burma parliament member a couple weeks ago was quoted by Eleven Media Group EMG as saying the jade mining section of Hpakant, in Kachin State, could disappear within 30 years.
Hla Sai is definitely an MP with Aung San Suu Kyi s National League for Democracy party, that has lived within the area for 4 decades. He told EMG that already greater than fifty or sixty mountains within the area have disappeared knowning that only about ten remain. For years, inhabitants have complained that mining is responsible for flooding, with rivers and streams choked by mining debris.
The chair of your local Buddhist association, Vayama, compared Hpakant with Mogok, fearing anytime the jade becomes rarer individuals will move out. He necessary a return to artisanal mining and then for government regulation.
Two days ago, the nation s Vice President Dr. Sai Mauk Kham followed resident complaints, as reported in another EMG story. The Vice President responded by saying how the government will ban new companies and then with expired licenses from operating inside area. He said the us government is inside midst of drafting new jade mining legislation.
Even though, once we noted in June, an extension with the ban about the import of Burma rubies and jade was no longer backed by its original sponsor, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, President Obama felt compelled to take action. Oddly, as reported by JCK, the Campaign for Burma, which assists the ban, stated that there wasn t much opposition for the extension in Washington.
The government statement with regards to the ban reads, partially,
However, because of continuing concerns, including regarding labor and human rights in specific sectors, this Executive Order reinstates the prohibitions and restrictions about the importation in to the United States of jadeite and rubies mined or purchased from Burma, additionally, on articles of knickknack containing them, that had been originally imposed with the Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE Junta s Anti-Democratic Efforts Act of 2008, which amended the BFDA. The Administration is maintaining restrictions on specific activities and actors that bring about human rights abuses or undermine Burma s democratic reform process.
This is received with a few irony. As Richard Hughes states as part of his essay above,
Where small miners were once spread through the Tract, consolidation of claims inside the hands of larger companies has forced many locals out. There is little question until this is due, partially, towards the disastrous -led Myanmar embargo against ruby and jade.
As former British Ambassador to Thailand, Derek Tonkin, described five years ago, and again in April, sanctions did a very important factor very well: the obliteration of constructive engagement via business, aid and tourism.
Read the words of President Obama s executive order here.
Both BBC and Bloomberg did a bit diamond-dissing in recent industry coverage. In Diamonds lose their sparkle, sporting an image in the Duchess of Cambridge wearing the now iconic sapphire of her late mother-in-law, BBC wrote how the price of rubies and sapphires is rising faster compared to diamonds. And who's going to be buying? Asians. And women, who select color, whereas men opt for no-muss-no-fuss ice. This, as outlined by Diamond Manufacturers founder Vashi Dominguez, inside tony Hatton Garden jewelry district of London.
Bloomberg included this vague ideal below its short video on jade: Forget Diamonds, Asia s Wealthy Invest in Jade. For instance, a jadeite ring that sold at Christie s in May for 5x its pre-sale estimate. The article accompanying film cites Shanghai s sluggish stock exchange as a force behind bankrolling bijoux. Demand for jadeite is outrunning supply on the material, 90% that comes from Burma, according towards the article.
French Connection Films has released a documentary which takes the viewer in to the ateliers of any baker s dozen in the world s top jewelery designers. Masters of Dreams spends a sequence apiece within the work of Italians, French and Swiss, English and South African, and jewelers in the Americas. Along the way, five events are visited: Christie s auction on the Elizabeth Taylor Collection in New York December 2011, Bulgari s 125 Years of Italian Significance retrospective in Shanghai February 2012, the 65th annual Cannes Film Festival May 2012, the London Masterpiece Fair July 2012, along with the Biennale des Antiquaires in Paris September 2012.
In Letting Out the Light, award-winning gemologist and documentarian Stephen Henry Gill travels everywhere, gathering the sounds of mining plus the voices of gemstone cutters when they explain their work. He also time-travels, back when but not so long ago. time for top
With Pala Presents, we provide selections on the library of Pala International s Bill Larson, who'll share with us some with the wealth of information inside the realm of gems and gemology.
This month you can expect articles spanning fifty-several years. The first is definitely an overview of rubellite and lepidolite in Southern California, by Harold Wellman Fairbanks 1860 1952. Fairbanks proceeded to publish perhaps two dozen books and authored a lot more than forty articles as a possible expert for the geology and geography from the Pacific Coast. In 1907 he contributed to a manuscript about the devastating California earthquake the year before, which destroyed a lot more than eighty percent of San Francisco. In 1920, World Book from the famous encyclopedia published his Conservation Reader, aimed towards educating young adults. We have illustrated his article on rubellite with lovely examples through the Pala International lightbox.
From the Himalaya Mine. A matched couple of rubellite rounds, 8.68 tcw. Photo: Mia Dixon